What is Tanween in Quran? | Noor Aademy
Arabic has vowels just like in English, and Tanween is one of the Arabic vowels. Vowels in Arabic is very important, with them you will be able to read words with no mistakes.
Sometimes it’s called “end of word vowels”, the reason behind that name is that it’s used at the end of the words. And it’s used to vocalize constants. When you find at the end of the word you will add the sound ‘n’ to the word.
For example, in the word “مرحبًا”, we can see the tanween sign therefore we will pronounce it as “marhban”.
From this, we can conclude that tanween is a spoken ‘N’, and not written. Let’s discover more about it.
What is Tanween example?
Tanween is a sign added to the end of the words and is called a double vowel, it is a spoken ‘N’, and not written. Therefore, when you see the tanween at the end of the word you will add the ‘N’ sound, like in the word “لَفْظًا” it is pronounced “lafzan”
Tanween symbol and its different types:
Tanween with fatha: ـً
Tanween with kasra: ـٍ
Tanween with damma: ـٌ
Examples:
مَرْحَبًا marhaban.
فَتْحَةً fathatan.
What is nun sakinah and Tanween?
The noon Sakinah is the noon without a vowel. While Tanween is the double vowel added to the end of the word and is spoken as the sound of the letter ‘N’.
The Tanween symbols come from the doubling vowels damma, fatha, and kasra. Noon Sakinah is spoken not written.
Here are tanween words Examples:
أَلِيْمًا Aleeman
أَلِيمٍ Aleemeen
أَلِيمٌ Aleemoon
The tanween or Noon Sakinah follow the same tajweed rules. There are four tanween rules and each one is used based on the Arabic letters they are followed by.
- al idhar, the clarification.
- al idgham, assimilation.
- al iqlab, the substitution.
- al ikhfa, concealment.
How do you do Tanween?
Tanween consists of doubling the Arabic vowels, what do we mean by that? We know the vowels Fatha, Kasra, and Damma. The tanween sign comes from doubling them. So, first let’s see how each one of the three short vowels is written:
- Fatha: ـَ
- Kasra: ـِ
- Damma: ـُ
When doubling them to get the tanween it will become as follows:
- Tanween with fatha: ـً
- Tanween with kasra: ـٍ
- Tanween with damma: ـٌ
The names of those three types in Arabic is tanween with Fathatain, with Kasratain, and with Dammatain.
How many rules are there in Tanween and noon?
There are 4 rules that are used with Noon Sakinah and Noon based on the letters it’s followed by.
- al idhar, the clarification.
- al idgham, assimilation.
- al iqlab, the substitution.
- al ikhfa, concealment.
1. Al idhar: the clarification.
The word Idhar means highlighting or clarity in the Arabic language. this rule is applied when the tanween or noon Sakinah comes after one of the following letters:
أ – ه – ع – ح – غ – خ
When sakeena or the tanween comes after these letters it’s pronounced clearly whether it’s in a single word or between two words.
- Examples noon Sakinah when the letters are in the same word:
وَهُمْ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ ۖ وَإِن يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ
And they prevent [others] from him and are [themselves] remote from him. And they do not destroy except themselves, but they perceive [it] not. (6:26)
صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ
The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray. (1:7)
- Examples noon Sakinah comes between two words:
تَنزِيلٌ مِّنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ
from a [Lord who is] Wise and Praiseworthy. (41:42)
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالنَّصَارَىٰ وَالصَّابِئِينَ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّـهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا
Indeed, those who believed and those who were Jews or Christians or Sabeans [before Prophet Muhammad] – those [among them] who believed in Allah and the Last Day and did righteousness (2:62)
- Examples in the case of tanween:
فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ فَأَنزَلْنَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا رِجْزًا مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ
And [recall] when We said, “Enter this city and eat from it wherever you will in [ease and] abundance and enter the gate bowing humbly and say, ‘Relieve us of our burdens.’ We will [then] forgive your sins for you, and We will increase the doers of good [in goodness and reward].” (2:58)
وَاللَّـهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
And Allah is Knowing and Wise. (4:26)
- Examples of Noon Sakinah and tanween:
وَهُمْ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ ۖ وَإِن يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ
And they prevent [others] from him and are [themselves] remote from him. And they do not destroy except themselves, but they perceive [it] not. (6:26)
صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ
The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray. (1:7)
وَهُمْ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ ۖ وَإِن يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ
And they prevent [others] from him and are [themselves] remote from him. And they do not destroy except themselves, but they perceive [it] not. (6:26)
2. Al Idgham: the assimilation.
The word Idgham in Arabic means interlocking, and insertion. The Idgham rule is applied when the Noon Sakinah or the Tanween comes after the following letters:
ر – ل – م – ن – و – ي
There are two types of Idgham, idgham with nasalisation (ghunna) and idgham without nasalization.
1. Idgham with nasalization (ghunna).
This type of Idgham is used when you find one of the following four letters following the Noon Sakinah or tanween:
م – ن – و – ي
The rule says that when finding the noon Sakinah or Tanween followed by any of the four letters then the noon is not pronounced. And the following letter is pronounced with a nasal sound.
Examples:
وَمَا بِكُم مِّن نِّعْمَةٍ فَمِنَ اللَّـهِ
And whatever you have of favor – it is from Allah. (16:53)
عَامِلَةٌ نَّاصِبَةٌ
Working [hard] and exhausted. (88:3)
Example of Al-idgham of the noon as sakeena and the tanween with the letter م
أَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّمَا نُمِدُّهُم بِهِ مِن مَّالٍ وَبَنِينَ
Do they think that what We extend to them of wealth and children (23:55)
فِي عَمَدٍ مُّمَدَّدَةٍ
In extended columns. (104:9)
وَمَا لَكُم مِّن دُونِ اللَّـهِ مِن وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ
And you have not other than Allah any protector or any helper. (29:22)
تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ
May the hands of Abu Lahab be ruined, and ruined, is he. (111:1)
وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِنَ الصَّالِحَاتِ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَا يَخَافُ ظُلْمًا وَلَا هَضْمًا
But he who does of righteous deeds while he is a believer will neither fear injustice nor deprivation. (20:112)
يَوْمَئِذٍ يَصْدُرُ النَّاسُ أَشْتَاتًا لِّيُرَوْا أَعْمَالَهُمْ
That Day, the people will depart separated [into categories] to be shown [the result of] their deeds. (99:6)
2. Idgham without nasalization.
This rule is applied when the noon Sakinah or tanween is followed by one of the following two letters:
ر – ل
To apply this rule don’t pronounce the tanween or noon Saknah and move to the following letter. And the letters ر – ل are pronounced with shaddah.
Examples:
أُولَـٰئِكَ عَلَىٰ هُدًى مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ
Those are upon [right] guidance from their Lord, (2:5)
فَهُوَ فِي عِيشَةٍ رَّاضِيَةٍ
He will be in a pleasant life. (101:7)
Example of Al-idgham without ghunna of the noon as sakeena and the tanween with the letter ل
وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ
Nor is there to Him any equivalent.” (112:4)
وَدَمٍ لَّبَنًا خَالِصًا سَائِغًا لِّلشَّارِبِينَ
And blood – pure milk, palatable to drinkers. (16:66)
3. The substitution (al iqlab).
The word Iqlab means to change the initial form of something or transform it into something else. This rule is applied when finding the letter ب following the tanween or noon sakeena. To apply the rule change the noon Sakinah or tanween into م (meem).
Examples:
كَلَّا ۖ لَيُنبَذَنَّ فِي الْحُطَمَةِ
No! He will surely be thrown into the Crusher. (104:4)
لَئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ لَنَسْفَعًا بِالنَّاصِيَةِ
No! If he does not desist, We will surely drag him by the forelock – (96:15)
4. Al-ikhfa, concealment.
This rule is applied when finding any of the following 15 letters following the tanween or Noon Sakinah.
ج – ذ – د – ث – ت – ض – ص – ش – س – ز – ك – ق – ف – ظ – ط
Examples:
وَلَا أَنتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ
Nor are you worshippers of what I worship. (109:3)
وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي تَحْتَهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا
and He has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever. (9:100)
وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَسَّاهَا
And he has failed who instills it [with corruption]. (91:10)
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